• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a vehicle component, in particular a wheel suspension, comprising a brake lining and a friction lining which can be moved relative to the brake lining and which is arranged in particular on a wheel hub (7), and a brake with which kinetic energy can be converted into thermal energy in order to move the friction lining to brake relative to the brake pad. In order to achieve a particularly simple manufacture, the invention provides that the brake is designed as an electromechanical brake (4) and has a motor that acts on a brake lining, so that the brake lining can be pressed against the friction lining, with a control unit (3 ) is provided and the motor can be actuated with an actuation signal from the control unit (3) depending on a predetermined delay which is input to the control unit (3).
    公开号:AT522041A1
    申请号:T50973/2018
    申请日:2018-11-12
    公开日:2020-07-15
    发明作者:Putz Michael
    申请人:Greenbrakes Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    Vehicle component
    The invention relates to a vehicle component, in particular wheel suspension, comprising a brake lining and a friction lining arranged movably to the brake lining, which is arranged in particular on a wheel hub, and a brake with which kinetic energy can be converted into thermal energy by a
    Braking movement of the friction lining relative to the brake lining.
    Various such vehicle components with brakes designed as wheel suspensions have become known from the prior art. Here, the brakes are usually operated hydraulically. However, this has proven to be disadvantageous in that the corresponding wheel suspensions can only be manufactured to match a special vehicle, especially since hydraulic control is generally carried out centrally. As a result, the manufacture of corresponding vehicles or vehicle components is very time-consuming and thus considerable
    connected.
    This is where the invention comes in. The object of the invention is to provide a vehicle component of the type mentioned, with which a driven or brakable
    Vehicle can be produced with little effort.
    This object is achieved according to the invention by a vehicle component of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the brake is designed as an electromechanical brake and has a motor which acts on the brake lining, so that the brake lining can be pressed onto the friction lining, a control unit acting on the motor being provided and the Motor with an actuation signal of the control unit depending on a predetermined delay, which as an input signal in the
    Control unit is received, can be actuated.
    There are currently mainly hydraulic or electro-hydraulic brakes in the car sector, in which the hydraulic pressure is built up by a pump. There are mainly air brakes in a commercial vehicle area. Such brakes are also used for larger commercial vehicle trailers. For smaller trailers there
    it mainly overrun brakes, which arise from an overrun force in a
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    Implement hitch a brake application, for example, linkage, cables or the like. In the case of trailers, particularly in the USA, there are also so-called electromagnetic drum brakes, in which a current for the electromagnets is set in a towing vehicle with a so-called "controller"
    is usually changed with a pulse width modulation in the mean value in the "controller".
    All these brakes have in common that they either do not need a control unit for the brakes themselves or have a central control unit that can also take over vehicle stability functions such as functions of an electronic stability program, or ESP for short. In the case of electromagnetic drum brakes, which are particularly common in the USA, the magnet does not directly actuate the drum brake, but is drawn to a flat side of a brake drum by electromagnetic force and is carried along by the rotating drum in order to actuate the brake by driving force. Electromagnets of the size possible in brakes have a relatively low force and a relatively small stroke, so that these cannot usually be used directly for contact pressure or a translation into higher force is required. For such a translation, however, is again the minor one
    possible stroke unfavorably restricting.
    This is exactly where there is a difference to electromechanical brakes, which are actuated by a small electric motor. This electric motor can travel many revolutions and therefore a translation of many revolutions to a high force for pressing is possible. Electromechanical brakes are very different from
    All of the brakes above, this is dealt with in the representation.
    The known concepts cannot simply be used. If a central control unit or none at all is currently used, the electromechanical brake almost always requires a control unit which controls the motor for each brake from a control signal. In the concept in question, a control device can also control, for example, two brakes on an axle, a single-track vehicle or a device such as, in particular, an elevator car, the algorithms for individual control for each brake also in a control device
    usually exist independently.
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    A corresponding vehicle component no longer has to be connected to a hydraulic brake unit of the vehicle, so that the vehicle component can in principle be produced independently of a vehicle on which it is to be used and can be connected to a wide variety of vehicles. A correspondingly high level of identical parts can thus reduce the effort involved in producing the vehicle component, so that vehicles equipped with a corresponding vehicle component can be carried out with less effort
    and thus reduced costs can be produced.
    The vehicle component is usually manufactured prefabricated and coupled to a vehicle as a module. In addition to a mechanical connection to a vehicle, only a signal connection between the vehicle component and a device of the vehicle, with which an input signal for the brakes can be generated, has to be established for actuation of the vehicle component. The device of the vehicle can be, for example, a brake pedal sensor or a vehicle data processing device of an autonomously driving vehicle, a brake signal transmitter from a towing vehicle or the like. An actuation signal is then calculated in the control unit from the desired deceleration transmitted as an input signal to the control unit, which is necessary to achieve the desired deceleration by means of the motor. The calculated actuation signal is then transmitted to the motor. The actuation signal can, for example, only contain information for the engine, from which an engine speed and / or an engine torque result directly. The actuation signal can, however, also be a direct supply voltage of the motor, depending on the motor type, a DC voltage, a single or three-phase AC voltage, a pulse width modulated signal or the like, so that the motor is actuated directly by means of the control unit. With such direct actuation of the motor by means of the control device, an additional component for converting the actuation signal into an input voltage of the motor can be dispensed with, so that a further one
    Reduction in complexity is achieved. It can be provided that a delay signal to a control unit for the
    electromechanical brakes of a mechanical assembly is sent. This
    can for example a desired delay in m / s transfer. It can also be one
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    desired delay from none to a maximum delay of 100% can be transmitted as information. A digital signal such as e.g. B. CAN bus or Flexray, also over several bus systems or an analog signal or z. B. a pulse width modulated signal. Of course, this signal can be given any name and any range of values. Physically, the “delay request” is the best form for this signal, but it is also possible to use related values and also unsharp statements such as “brake more”. It is also clear that the control according to the invention, as well as any programmable program, can be created in a programming language of the prior art, such as C, Matlab-Simulink and the like, but also with fuzzy formulations such as fuzzy logic or with trained systems such as "machine learning" or neural networks or
    stored values such as maps.
    It is favorable if the vehicle component is an independent wheel suspension or a rigid axle. The vehicle component can then be used, for example, for passenger cars, commercial vehicles, trailers, single-track vehicles, railways, cargo bicycles, transport devices such as forklifts or other devices to be braked, in particular for elevator cabins, to hold the cabin with the door open or as a safety brake or on machines such as, for example to brake blade adjustments or propeller blades. In the case of lifts, a cabin weight detection can also be provided on this component, because here, when the cabin is braked, the weight change or weight can be obtained by holding the cabin by holding the cabin
    can measure ...
    To achieve a simple and robust construction with low manufacturing costs, it is advantageous if the vehicle component is a rigid axle. The wheels are connected to each other via a rigid axle beam. The motors that actuate the electromechanical brakes are then usually also equipped with the
    Axle body connected, for example in the form of a floating caliper brake. If the vehicle component is designed as a rigid axle, it is preferably provided that
    that two wheels and two brakes assigned to the wheels are provided, the
    Motors of the brakes can be operated via a central control unit. The rigid axle can
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    can thus be constructed as a prefabricated component with fully assembled wheels and / or brakes, it being possible to control the brakes of the rigid axle centrally via a single control device. A particularly simple construction is thereby achieved. A correspondingly prefabricated vehicle component can then be manufactured in large numbers, sold separately and coupled to different vehicles. A corresponding vehicle component can be pre-wired and pre-tested and delivered in a pre-wired and pre-tested state. The cabling can already be designed for security, in particular be protected against tearing down. For this purpose, the cabling can be at least partially arranged in pipes or under covers and can also be shielded by these against electromagnetic influences or, if necessary, be carried out with a shielded cable, in order to
    To meet criteria regarding electromagnetic compatibility, or EMC for short.
    If the assembly with the brake also has an electric vehicle drive motor, this vehicle drive motor, which is often designed as an electric motor, is usually driven by a gear. Then, according to the invention, the brake disc can be mounted on a transmission output with a higher than the wheel speed in order to achieve a higher, at least the required, braking torque on the disc with a lower required braking torque. This does not result in less heat output on the brake disc, but the contact pressure and the braking torque can be smaller and the control unit can do the braking torque
    convert to what works on the wheel.
    The brake can either be actuated by a motor, that is to say brought into a braking state, or it can be actuated via a spring or another energy store and released from the motor. The latter can be so, particularly in the case of commercial vehicles, trailers, the railway or elevators, for safety reasons, so that they are actuated in the event of a power failure. The exchange of non-spring-loaded brakes for those with spring actuation can also be useful in the case of actuators that were previously operated without springs. For example, in the case of certain trailers, which previously had a battery in order to carry out emergency braking in the event of the trailer tearing off, a spring-operated brake can now be used instead of a battery in order to perform emergency braking without a battery
    or to increase security against battery failure.
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    Electromechanical brakes can also replace previous overrun brakes if, for example, ABS, ESP sway-control and the like are also to be implemented later on a trailer, which is difficult with a rod-operated overrun brake
    Intervention in the linkage is possible.
    New standards can also be better met with electromechanical brakes if, for example, trailers then need ABS and, in the case of former hydraulics or pneumatics, this would only be possible with additional pumps, valve blocks, compressors, pressure boilers, drives and power supplies. Here the invention can be a
    offer simple and inexpensive solution with the electromechanical brake.
    It is favorable if the motor is connected to the brake pad via a gear. As a result, even with a small and lightweight motor, a large contact pressure can be achieved, which acts between the brake lining and the friction lining in order to convert kinetic energy into thermal energy via friction and thus to close the wheel
    brake.
    In order to achieve a particularly low weight of the vehicle component or to be able to use a particularly light-weight engine, it is advantageous if the engine is connected to the brake lining via a transmission, the transmission having a variable transmission ratio via an actuation stroke. The gear ratio of the transmission can then be adapted to an expected counter torque depending on the actuation stroke, so that the motor can be operated over the entire actuation stroke in a range of optimal efficiency or in a maximum power range. Thus, a counter torque at the beginning of an actuation stroke when an air gap between the brake lining and the friction lining is traversed by a movement of the brake lining to the friction lining, after which a counter torque increases when the
    Brake lining is in contact with the friction lining.
    In order to implement the translation, which is variable via the actuation stroke, in a structurally simple and at the same time robust manner, it is favorable if the transmission has a ball ramp. A ball is usually arranged in the ball ramp and can have a gradient over a slope of the ball ramp that is dependent on an actuation stroke
    Gear ratio defined in a simple manner, depending on the actuation stroke
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    become. In such a case, the transmission usually has two disks, a ball ramp being arranged in at least one disk and a ball being positioned in the ball ramp, by means of which ball the disks are connected, so that movement of the disk having the ball ramp, in particular a rotational movement, a distance between the disks can be changed. One of the disks is then connected to the brake pad, for example, while the other one
    Ball ramp disc can be connected to the motor.
    As an alternative or in addition, it can be provided that the transmission has a rising curve, such as a cam or an eccentric, around which the actuation stroke extends
    constructively implement non-constant translation.
    In principle, any of the so-called “simple mechanical machines” can be used to generate the high contact pressure. It is expedient if the highest possible translation ensures smaller forces to be applied further, preferably on one side, which also creates a contact pressure. This can be, for example, a lever action with a short lever end, an eccentricity, a cam action, a wedge action or also a wedge action along round rolling tracks. Rolling movements on rolling elements are preferred because they are less
    cause unwanted friction.
    The gear ratio in the electromechanical brake will preferably be non-linear, which means that different gear ratios act at different points of actuation. If the electromechanical brake is to adjust the contact pressure by the motor being to draw a certain current, it is advantageous if the current increases with the actuating force. This must be taken into account when designing the non-linear translation. In this case, attempts will also be made to achieve a rapid movement in the air gap due to the nonlinearity that is still present, and the engine load in the case of weak braking will
    want to have something higher. It is preferably provided that one connected to the control device
    Acceleration sensor is provided, the control unit for outputting a
    Actuation signal to the engine depending on one with the acceleration sensor
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    measured acceleration and the predetermined deceleration is formed.
    This ensures that the desired predetermined delay is achieved.
    In order to enable braking even if the control signal fails, it is particularly advantageous for a trailer for a brake if the trailer itself generates the brake signal when a deceleration is determined. This can also be combined with the brake light, so that friction braking only takes place if braking is detected on the basis of the brake light. The brake signal, acceleration sensor and brake light can be combined as desired. For example, if no brake signal is detected with a greater deceleration and brake light,
    can be concluded that there is a fault and that the brakes are applied.
    Similar to an acceleration sensor, falling wheel speed can also be used to infer braking as above and perform the above actions. If a detection for tearing off a trailer is necessary, a so-called breakaway detection, this can be carried out as before with a connection between the towing vehicle and the trailer and can give a signal to the brake control unit or, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the brake control unit can operate automatically without one such additional detection device determine a tearing off of the trailer by monitoring the circuits to the towing vehicle. For this purpose, for example, a lighting circuit can be tested to determine whether there is either a supply voltage, for example, by detecting whether the light is on, or the resistance of the lamps on the towing vehicle can be measured from the trailer, for example, a low-impedance resistance of typically less than 100 Ohm against vehicle mass can be measured from the brake control unit. Of course, all other electrical properties of all cables to the towing vehicle with all measurable properties can also be tested, in particular whether the ground connection via the plug is also closed via the mechanical trailer coupling. Error messages issued by the brake control unit can be transmitted to the towing vehicle, in particular by a lamp visible in the rear view mirror, by signals on the circuits leading to the trailer, by actuating the hazard warning lights, via WIFI or acoustically. Naturally
    several of these methods can also be combined.
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    It is expedient if at least one sensor connected to the control device is provided for detecting temperature, thermal expansion, coefficient of friction, actuation time, wheel speed and / or wear, the control device being designed to take into account one or more variables measured with the at least one sensor to form the actuation signal for the motor depending on the predetermined deceleration and the at least one measured variable. This ensures a special
    effective regulation and achievement of the desired delay.
    In order to achieve a particularly robust and at the same time low-maintenance construction, it is preferably provided that the motor is designed as a brushless DC motor. Usually, the control device is designed to output a voltage signal as an actuation signal, with which voltage signal the brushless one
    DC motor can be actuated directly.
    It can be provided that currents of a three-phase signal are output, which can also be pulse width modulated. Whereas the circuit of the electromagnet is simply connected to the electromagnetic brake in the case of electromagnetically actuated brakes, in the present method a control device is usually provided, at the input of which a control signal is applied, which control signal is converted in the control device into the currents of the motor. As an alternative or in addition, the control signal can be generated in the control unit due to external influences. These motors, so-called brushless DC motors, also return a position signal to the control unit and use a measurement of the motor currents and, if necessary, voltages. All of this happens when a solenoid is supplied in a brake
    not required.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the circuit which otherwise goes to the electromagnets of brakes can also be used as a control signal. This current for electromagnets could be direct current of different magnitudes, but today it is mostly represented by switching pulses in its medium size over time. Although these pulses are suitable for supplying magnets, they are not defined as a control signal, especially since the switching frequency, the on / off duration ratio, the pulse width and the voltages are not standardized or
    are set. Occasionally, instead of on-off pulses, there will be any
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    Voltage curves observed. Magnets would simply use a medium current for such signals. Since these signals are not fixed, they are preferably applied to the control unit both at analog inputs and at pulse widths or frequency-detecting inputs. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the analog voltage is sampled very often and an average value is formed from it, similar to what would be the case with the magnet. In order to avoid superimposing effects of the scanning frequency and the signal frequency, scanning can be carried out very often according to the invention or irregularly, for example randomly, in particular after
    a "stochastic-ergodic" process.
    The control signal, which otherwise goes to electromagnets, can also be used in the control unit according to a preferred embodiment as error feedback in the vehicle. The control signal on the towing vehicle can come from a control unit, which is also called a brake controller, which detects interruptions in the magnetic circuit and displays it as a warning. This can preferably be used in order to cause an intentional interruption in the event of an undesirable behavior in the electromechanical brakes or the control device in order to trigger an error display in the towing vehicle. This deliberate interruption can also be removed again when a real brake control signal is sent to the electromechanical control unit
    Braking is sent.
    In principle, the control device can be positioned at any location, for example also separately from the engine, so that the control device is connected to a vehicle frame or the like when the vehicle component is connected to the vehicle. In order to enable a particularly simple installation of the vehicle component in a vehicle, it is preferably provided that the control device is arranged on a component rigidly connected to the engine. As a result, only a mechanical connection of a component rigidly connected to the engine, for example an axle body, to the vehicle and an electrical or signal connection of the control unit to the vehicle are required in order to
    to connect the vehicle component to the vehicle.
    In order to achieve a particularly long lifespan for the control unit, this is advantageous
    provided that the control unit with the component rigidly connected to the engine
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    an elastic and damping connecting means is connected, the control unit
    is preferably poured into a casting compound, in particular synthetic resin.
    In order to adapt a software of the control device to different vehicles in a particularly simple manner and to be able to import new software versions in a simple manner into the control device, it is favorable if the control device has a device for wireless communication, in particular a Bluetooth module, a wireless device. IFI module, a radio network, a radio data transmission or the like, so that data of the control device can be wirelessly exchanged with a stationary EDP system, a mobile phone or the like. Provision can also be made for data to be transmitted via light, sound or via an electrical line, onto which the signals are modulated, in particular via a line of a trailer plug of a trailer for a vehicle. In addition, of course, data from the control device or data from sensors connected to the control device can also be exchanged with vehicle electronics via the corresponding device during operation of the vehicle, for example to support or provide driving dynamics control. According to a preferred embodiment, the driver can also view brake data such as wear or temperatures. Of course, this data can also be collected or queried centrally via bus systems, or parameterizations or programming can be carried out centrally. Also
    This enables data exchange between the brakes.
    In order to be able to provide functions of the vehicle component at least to a limited extent even in the event of a failure of an electricity supply to the vehicle on which the vehicle component is arranged, it is advantageous if an electrical energy store, in particular a battery, is provided which can be charged when the vehicle component is on is arranged in a vehicle with a central power supply, and with which the brake can also be actuated if the vehicle component is arranged on a vehicle with a central power supply and the central power supply has failed. The control unit and the motor can thus be supplied via a central voltage supply if the vehicle component is connected to a
    is connected to the corresponding vehicle, that is also via the battery with energy
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    can be supplied in order to be able to carry out emergency braking, for example, when a
    Vehicle power supply fails.
    Especially in vehicles with long downtimes, such as certain trailers, it can be beneficial if the battery is charged in a different way, for example, a relatively small solar cell with non-critical locations can very easily and inexpensively deliver the small amount of electricity needed to maintain one
    Battery charge is sufficient for a basically functional battery.
    Emergency braking can also be initiated by the brake control unit if the connection to the towing vehicle is found to be broken. In principle, no additional power supply is required for electromagnetic brakes apart from the magnetic circuit. However, the control unit for the electromechanical brakes requires one
    Power supply.
    This is usually switched on automatically when required or switched off as required to avoid discharging batteries. In particular, one or
    several, especially all, of the following conditions lead to switching on:
    - Wheel speed is recognized, for example by outputting voltage from an ABS or wheel speed sensor;
    - Control of the brake light is recognized;
    - Control signal is recognized, i.e. bus signal, analog signal or
    pulse width modulated signal.
    Signals present on the vehicle can also be used as an energy source for the control device of the electromechanical brake, in particular the control signal, the voltage at the brake light, voltages at turn signals, voltage from a wheel speed sensor. Energy from these energy sources can, for example, in one
    Battery can be saved.
    In a vehicle with several vehicle components, each with a wheel hub
    and have a brake, it is favorable if the vehicle components
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    are designed according to the invention. This makes it easier and cheaper
    Construction of the vehicle guaranteed.
    The advantages of a vehicle component designed according to the invention can be used particularly well if the vehicle is designed as a trailer. In particular, if a trailer is designed as a vehicle with a vehicle component designed as a rigid axle, it becomes particularly simple, robust and
    cost-effective construction achieved.
    A simplified construction of the vehicle is achieved if the control units of the individual vehicle components are connected, in particular via CAN bus, and at least one sensor is provided for determining a movement and / or acceleration of the vehicle, the control units being set up so that they Counteract actuation signals for the associated motors movements of the vehicle deviating from a predetermined desired movement, with the control units in particular an anti-lock braking system function and / or a driving dynamics stabilization function and / or a function for preventing
    and / or reducing roll movements can be implemented.
    Such functions are known depending on the manufacturer, for example as ABS, ESP, ABC or DSC. Corresponding functions are usually carried out in vehicles of the prior art with a central driving dynamics computer which, in the case of hydraulic brakes, controls valves which are assigned to the individual wheels, in order to counteract undesired lateral accelerations, for example, by braking intervention. The function of such a central driving dynamics computer can be implemented in a vehicle with vehicle components designed according to the invention by the control devices assigned to the individual brakes, so that a central driving dynamics computing unit is no longer required. Algorithms can thus be executed on the individual control devices, so to speak, which correspond to the algorithms executed on vehicles of the prior art on the central driving dynamics computer or are copies of these algorithms. It can also be provided that values are determined or estimated in the control unit, for example the vehicle / trailer mass from in particular wheel slip, ABS.
    Deployment, deceleration, acceleration, deflection sensor, clutch sensor or one
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    preselection device operated by the driver. Correspondingly determined values can be used for a
    cheap braking can be used.
    A connection of the vehicle component to the vehicle is particularly simplified if the vehicle component is supplied with electrical energy via an energy supply and via a line, which also includes a light, in particular a rear light, a brake light, a flashing light, a reversing light or a separate energy supply line electrical energy is supplied. As a rule, the vehicle component is designed for actuation with a 12 or 24 volt signal or a 48 volt signal. It can be provided that the corresponding lights are formed by energy-saving LEDs, so that sufficient energy for
    Actuation of the vehicle component is available.
    It is expedient if the vehicle has an electrical generator, with which the vehicle can be braked by converting the kinetic energy of the vehicle into electrical energy, the vehicle being set up in such a way that the brake is activated via the control unit when a desired deceleration with the Generator alone is not accessible. As far as possible, electrical energy can thus be generated during a braking operation and the brake can only be activated when a desired deceleration due to the generation of electrical energy with the generator, with which the vehicle can also be driven, can no longer be achieved alone. A control is usually provided for this purpose, in which the deceleration that can be achieved with the generator as a function of a current operating point is stored and when the achievable deceleration is exceeded by the desired deceleration, the electromechanical brake can be activated via the control unit. In electric vehicles, there is normally a control device for the electric motor or generator, in particular when braking with the electric motor to charge the battery, and a central control device for a hydraulic brake. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a brake control unit is now provided in this wheel or axle unit, which receives a deceleration request and converts it into a control of the electric brake actuation motor, with as much braking action as possible from the generator and only the rest of
    the electromechanical brake is supplied.
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    In order to implement anti-theft protection in an efficient manner, it is expedient if the brake can be actuated via the control unit when the vehicle is stationary in order to form an anti-theft device. The control unit can also be designed such that it only releases the brakes when, for example, with a
    Vehicle key triggerable release signal is passed to the control unit.
    An input value into the control device can in principle be provided in any way, for example by a central vehicle computer of an autonomously movable vehicle. In the case of a manually operable vehicle, it is advantageous if a pedal sensor connected to the control device is provided in order to determine a position of a brake pedal, with a pedal position as an input value in the
    Control unit arrives.
    Further features, advantages and effects of the invention result from the exemplary embodiments shown below. In the drawings on which
    References show:
    1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a vehicle component according to the invention on a vehicle;
    2 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a vehicle component according to the invention on a vehicle;
    3 shows a further vehicle component according to the invention on a vehicle;
    Fig. 4 shows a vehicle with several vehicle components according to the invention.
    1 shows a vehicle component according to the invention, which is designed as a rigid axle. A frame cross member 1 and two frame side members 2 of a vehicle 11, on which the vehicle component is arranged, are also shown schematically. The rigid axle has an axle body 5, on which on both sides of the wheel bearing parts 6 arranged electromechanical brakes 4 and rotatable with the
    Axle body 5 connected wheel hubs 7 together with brake disks 8 are arranged. As shown, there is an electromechanical brake 4 on each brake disk 8
    positioned. The electromechanical brakes 4 are central
    Control device 3 can be controlled and connected to control device 3 via lines 13, via
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    which an actuation signal from the control unit 3 to electric motors in the electromechanical brakes 4 for actuation of the electromechanical brakes 4
    is transferable.
    The control unit 3 can be connected both to the axle body 5 and to the vehicle 11, for example the frame cross member 1. The control unit 3 is connected to an electrical power supply, not shown, and a signal line, also not shown, via which signal line an input signal, which usually corresponds to a desired delay, can be transmitted to the control unit 3. Furthermore, an acceleration sensor (not shown) is provided, so that the control unit 3 can use the desired deceleration and an actual deceleration to generate an actuation signal for the electromechanical brakes 4 in order to achieve the desired deceleration of the vehicle 11. The actuation signal can be an input voltage for the electric motor of the electromechanical brakes 4 in order to actuate it directly, for example
    a voltage for a brushless DC motor.
    Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of the vehicle component according to the invention, which is also designed as a rigid axle here. In contrast to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, two control devices 3 are provided here, so that each electromechanical brake 4 is assigned a control device 3. The control units 3 can be connected via a data connection 12 formed by a signal line or also wirelessly in such a way that data exchange between the control units 3 is possible, for example to ensure driving stability through coordinated
    To be able to ensure braking intervention on the left and right wheel.
    3 shows a further vehicle component designed as an independent wheel suspension on a vehicle 11 with a steering actuator 9 for providing a steering movement, which can form, for example, a steerable, left front wheel of a motor vehicle. It goes without saying that a vehicle component for a second wheel on an opposite side of the vehicle 11, in this case the right front wheel, can be designed analogously. As shown, a control device 3 is assigned to the electromechanical brake 4. The vehicle 11 is here as an electric vehicle
    formed, with a drive electric motor at the same time as a generator 10 for
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    Converting kinetic energy into electrical energy is formed during a braking operation. The control unit 3 is connected here for a signal exchange to an engine control unit (not shown), so that the control unit 3 for the electromechanical brake 4 can be activated depending on a desired deceleration and the drive motor used precisely when a desired deceleration due to the use of the generator 10 or cannot be achieved by converting kinetic energy into electrical energy alone, for example because this would overload the generator 10. The control unit 3 is thus here for coordinating braking in connection with an inserted generator 10
    educated.
    4 schematically shows a vehicle 11 with four vehicle components according to the invention. As indicated schematically, the individual control devices 3 are connected for data exchange through data connections 12, for example with a CAN bus or via a wireless connection 12. Furthermore, acceleration sensors (not shown) are provided. An anti-lock braking system function and / or a vehicle dynamics stabilization function can be achieved with the individual control units 3 with a vehicle 11 designed in this way, an additional vehicle dynamics computer being dispensed with. Thus, a local copy of a driving dynamics stabilization algorithm or the like can be executed on the individual control devices 3 in order, depending on a desired movement of the vehicle 11 and an actual movement of the vehicle 11, via coordinated interventions on the individual electromechanical brakes 4, undesired movements and / or
    Counteract accelerations.
    In a control device 3 according to the invention, a driver's deceleration request, for example from a brake pedal, or an autonomous vehicle 11 can act as an input signal. It can be provided that the control unit 3 itself can also recognize or generate a delay request, for example if a control signal fails or is not present at all, as could be the case in particular on a trailer. For this purpose, a deceleration is recognized, which can be determined in particular using an acceleration sensor. Alternatively or in addition, the
    Delay also from a force detection in a hitch, a sinking
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    Wheel speed, a voltage applied to the brake light or a combination
    of these signals can be determined.
    The control signal can come, for example, via bus systems such as CAN, Flexray, via pulse-width-modulated signals or analog. For example, there are electromagnetic drum brakes in which a pulse width modulated signal or a current signal is connected to the electromagnet in the drum brake and
    so that it is both a control signal and an energy supply.
    In a particularly simple embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the current otherwise acting on the magnets is switched to an electric motor for brake actuation. For this purpose, it is advantageous if the electromechanical brake 4 has as little undesired friction in the actuation as possible, in order to minimize hysteresis
    to show between pressing and releasing.
    Friction can be reduced with the rolling bearing of essential components. Furthermore, it is expedient if the electromechanical brake 4 has an at least steady or rising, in particular free from saddle points, course between the control signal and the pressing action, so that the actuating motor reaches a current that increases with a lining contact pressure. For this purpose, it is advantageous if the transmission ratio in the electromechanical brake 4 is linear or linear enough according to the requirement, so that the motor desires a position corresponding to the current
    Braking effect.
    Furthermore, in a simplest design, it is favorable if the control signal is a pulse-width-modulated signal which, at least via the actuation process, even has a mechanical effect on the brake and causes the mechanical hysteresis in the brake to vibrate between actuation and release, and thus the friction
    "Shakes free". A spring in the brake can make it easier to release. In the simplest case, it would
    control on the distribution of the deceleration signal on the brakes
    restrict and, if necessary, take additional information into account and
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    in particular, only switch on the brakes when the brake light is live
    To be able to use the engine braking effect better.
    It is advantageous to provide the electromechanical brake 4 with control of the motor. In this case, a power supply to the control device 3 is favorable, which preferably switches the control device 3 on when certain input signals are detected and then switches it off again. This switching process can of course on the part of
    Power supply to control unit 3 or in control unit 3 itself.
    The switch-off process can be delayed and, for example, also lead to a power saving state and allow further calculations, in particular in
    Model a cooling process using a temperature model.
    It is advantageous if the underlying physics in the control unit 3 is mapped in whole or in part according to the structure described below: As described, the input signal is a delay request, which is represented whatever, e.g. 0 to -19g, which corresponds to full braking of a normal road vehicle. In contrast to the pedal force or pedal position customary according to the prior art, this deceleration request has the advantage that it is independent of influences such as, in particular, a strongly fluctuating payload, road grip, and vehicle stability
    Spin or lock the wheel.
    It is physically correct and advantageous to convert the deceleration request with vehicle data into a braking torque, where the vehicle data can be, for example, weight, "blending" and driving dynamics such as ABS, ESP, sway-control. The control of the actual algorithm for electromagnetic brake control is preferably carried out as braking torque, especially since the braking forces on the tire are known which are decisive for the vehicle stability. This braking torque, or alternatively a value related to it, for example 0 to 100%, is preferably converted into a braking force on the brake pad and then, via the instantaneous coefficient of friction, into a contact pressure of the brake pad. This contact pressure can be achieved via a motor current or a motor position. The power signal for the electric motor is output, in particular pulse width modulated currents for one
    Three-phase motor like a brushless DC motor.
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    Feedback such as motor position, angle and the like can be returned to the control unit 3, as can temperatures, measured values for lining wear
    Wheel speed and the like.
    These feedback values can advantageously go to an “overall vehicle control” algorithm and can be used, for example, for the known vehicle stability control, such as ABS, ESP. Here, e.g. swaycontrol, which prevents trailer roll movements, as well as an ABS adapted to the electromechanical brake 4, which does not build on vibrations by actuating and releasing, but sets a favorable braking torque. The weight distribution on the vehicle 11 can also be correct here on the individual
    Braking torques can be divided.
    Tearing off the trailer can also trigger the emergency braking or ABS-controlled emergency braking by the control unit 3. Likewise, a "blending" with other brakes can take place in this "overall vehicle control", e.g. with continuous brakes such as retarders or regenerative braking with an electric drive. Gear shifts, differential locks, steering angles can also be taken over by this overall vehicle control system. It can be provided that a local copy of an otherwise possible central vehicle control device is provided in the brake control device. According to the state of the art, central tasks such as vehicle stability or blending will be carried out centrally in an ESP control unit. In the case of a control unit 3 according to the invention, it can be provided that no further computers are required, so that the central ESP control unit can be dispensed with. The control units 3 or brake control units described here are therefore sufficient. For this purpose, the following approach is preferably carried out: If a task can be solved by a computer, for example centrally, then copies of this algorithm can solve the task in exactly the same way if they have the same knowledge. This means that all central tasks can also be performed by local copies in control units 3 for the brakes or brake control units, if these are also based on acceleration data,
    Have wheel speeds and the like.
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    The saving of the central control device can also be used as a safety advantage, especially since errors in a central control device 3 would affect all connected brake control devices. The brake control devices or algorithms can preferably also exchange data, in particular in order to be able to recognize unequal computing results from different algorithms. Since the copy of a central algorithm can also receive steering angle signals, the steering control can also be carried out by this control unit 3. For vehicle stability, not only braking intervention can be triggered, but also steering intervention. With a wear sensor on each electromechanical brake 4, uniform lining wear on all wheels can be supported by the brakes being controlled to a small extent with respect to wear without being recognizable
    to have a negative impact on even braking.
    With a vehicle component according to the invention, a cost-effective and robust manufacture of a vehicle 11 is possible, the vehicle 11 being able to be designed both as a driven vehicle 11 and as a trailer. The vehicle component can be designed as an independent wheel suspension as well as a rigid axle for a particularly simple and robust construction. At a
    Vehicle 11 with vehicle components designed according to the invention can dispense with a central driving dynamics computer for providing stabilization functions for vehicle 11, because a corresponding functionality can be implemented in the individual control devices 3, so that a particularly cost-effective production of a
    Vehicle 11 is possible.
    权利要求:
    Claims (21)
    [1]
    1. Vehicle component, in particular wheel suspension, comprising a brake lining and a friction lining arranged movably to the brake lining, which is arranged in particular on a wheel hub (7), and a brake with which kinetic energy can be converted into thermal energy in order to move the friction lining relative to Braking brake lining, characterized in that the brake is designed as an electromechanical brake (4) and has a motor acting on the brake lining, so that the brake lining can be pressed against the friction lining, a control unit (3) acting on the motor being provided and the motor with an actuation signal from the control device (3) as a function of a predetermined delay, which is input to the control device (3),
    can be actuated.
    [2]
    2. Vehicle component according to claim 1, characterized in that the
    Vehicle component is independent suspension.
    [3]
    3. Vehicle component according to claim 1, characterized in that the
    Vehicle component is a rigid axle.
    [4]
    4. Vehicle component according to claim 3, characterized in that two wheels and two wheels associated with the brakes are provided, the motors
    the brakes can be operated via a central control unit (3).
    [5]
    5. Vehicle component according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized
    characterized in that the motor is connected to the brake pad via a gear.
    [6]
    6. Vehicle component according to claim 5, characterized in that the
    Gearbox has a variable translation over an actuation stroke.
    [7]
    7. Vehicle component according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the
    Gear has a ball ramp.
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    [8]
    8. Vehicle component according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that an acceleration sensor connected to the control device (3) is provided, the control device (3) for outputting an actuation signal to the engine as a function of an acceleration measured with the acceleration sensor
    and the predetermined delay is formed.
    [9]
    9. Vehicle component according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least one sensor connected to the control unit (3) is provided for detecting temperature, thermal expansion, coefficient of friction, actuation time, wheel speed and / or wear, the control unit (3) is designed to take into account one or more variables measured with the at least one sensor in order to make the actuation signal for the motor dependent on the predetermined deceleration and
    to form the at least one measured quantity.
    [10]
    10. Vehicle component according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized
    characterized in that the motor is designed as a brushless DC motor.
    [11]
    11. Vehicle component according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the control device (3) on a rigidly connected to the engine
    Component is arranged.
    [12]
    12. Vehicle component according to claim 11, characterized in that the control device (3) is connected to the component rigidly connected to the engine via an elastic and damping connecting means, the control device (3)
    is preferably poured into a casting compound, in particular synthetic resin.
    [13]
    13. Vehicle component according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the control device (3) has a device for wireless communication, in particular a Bluetooth module, a WIFI module, so that data of the control device (3) wirelessly with a stationary Computer system, one
    Mobile phone or the like can be replaced.
    [14]
    14. Vehicle component according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized
    characterized in that an electrical energy store, in particular a battery,
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    is provided, which can be charged when the vehicle component is arranged on a vehicle (11) with a central power supply, and with which the brake can also be actuated when the vehicle component is connected to a
    Vehicle (11) is arranged with a central power supply and the central
    Power supply has failed.
    [15]
    15. Vehicle (11) with a plurality of vehicle components, each having a wheel hub (7) and a brake, characterized in that the
    Vehicle components are designed according to one of claims 1 to 14.
    [16]
    16. Vehicle (11) according to claim 15, characterized in that the
    Vehicle (11) is designed as a trailer.
    [17]
    17. Vehicle (11) according to claim 16, characterized in that the control devices (3) of the individual vehicle components are connected, in particular via CAN bus, and at least one sensor for determining a movement and / or acceleration of the vehicle (11) is provided The control units (3) are set up to counteract movements of the vehicle (11) which deviate from a predetermined desired movement via actuation signals for the associated motors, the control units (3) in particular having an anti-lock braking system function and / or driving dynamics Stabilization function and / or a function to prevent and / or reduce lurching movements
    is feasible.
    [18]
    18. Vehicle (11) according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the vehicle component is supplied with electrical energy via an energy supply and through a line (13), with which also a light, in particular a rear light, a brake light, a flashing light, a reversing light or a separate one
    Power supply line is supplied with electrical energy.
    [19]
    19. Vehicle (11) according to one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that the vehicle (11) has an electrical generator (10) with which the vehicle (11) with conversion of kinetic energy of the vehicle (11) in
    electrical energy can be braked, the vehicle (11) being set up in such a way that
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    the brake is activated via the control unit (3) when a desired delay
    cannot be reached with the generator (10) alone.
    [20]
    20. Vehicle (11) according to one of claims 16 to 19, characterized in that the brake can be actuated via the control unit (3) when the vehicle (11) is stationary,
    to train an anti-theft device.
    [21]
    21. Vehicle (11) according to one of claims 16 to 20, characterized in that a pedal sensor connected to the control device (3) is provided in order to determine a position of a brake pedal, a pedal position being the input value in
    the control unit (3) is received.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AT522041B1|2020-11-15|
    WO2020099329A1|2020-05-22|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE19858764A1|1998-12-18|2000-06-29|Siemens Ag|Brake system for a motor vehicle|
    DE10118263A1|2001-04-12|2002-10-17|Bosch Gmbh Robert|Electronic control system for vehicle braking employs electronic units local to braking actuators to implement control and evaluation functions|
    DE102009047072A1|2009-11-24|2011-06-16|Robert Bosch Gmbh|Electric braking system, in particular electromechanical brake system|
    DE102017103399A1|2017-02-20|2018-08-23|Thyssenkrupp Ag|Final drive unit with brake system, drive axle and motor vehicle|
    JP2000225935A|1999-02-03|2000-08-15|Toyota Motor Corp|Electrically controlled brake system|
    DE10029708A1|2000-06-16|2001-12-20|Schaeffler Waelzlager Ohg|Vehicle brake device has pot-shaped piston containing ramp unit and connected to drive shaft connected to electric motor to move ramp unit to move brake disc with two linings inside casing|
    JP2006219082A|2005-02-14|2006-08-24|Hitachi Ltd|Electric rotating system for vehicle|
    JP4521369B2|2006-02-28|2010-08-11|日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社|Electric brake device|
    DE102009024032B4|2008-06-19|2021-10-07|Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg|Emergency release for an electromechanically actuated floating caliper brake for motor vehicles or motor vehicle trailers|
    DE202012009953U1|2012-10-18|2013-01-08|Wolfgang Lubs|Braking device for vehicle trailers|
    JP6082944B2|2013-08-23|2017-02-22|株式会社アドヴィックス|Electric braking device for vehicle|CN109515097A|2018-10-18|2019-03-26|江苏科技大学|A kind of semi-active vehicle suspension control system|
    DE102020102313A1|2020-01-30|2021-08-05|Ebm-Papst St. Georgen Gmbh & Co. Kg|Circuit arrangement and method for controlling an electromagnetically operated brake|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50973/2018A|AT522041B1|2018-11-12|2018-11-12|Vehicle component|ATA50973/2018A| AT522041B1|2018-11-12|2018-11-12|Vehicle component|
    PCT/EP2019/080884| WO2020099329A1|2018-11-12|2019-11-11|Vehicle component|
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